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CIA World Factbook on Eritrea
and Puerto Rico
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This segment of the page was
last updated on January 5, 2008
Eritrea
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Legend:
 Definition
 Field
Listing
 Rank
Order
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Background:
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Eritrea was awarded to Ethiopia in 1952
as part of a federation. Ethiopia's
annexation of Eritrea as a province 10
years later sparked a 30-year struggle
for independence that ended in 1991 with
Eritrean rebels defeating governmental
forces; independence was overwhelmingly
approved in a 1993 referendum. A
two-and-a-half-year border war with
Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended
under UN auspices in December 2000.
Eritrea currently hosts a UN
peacekeeping operation that is
monitoring a 25 km-wide Temporary
Security Zone on the border with
Ethiopia. An international commission,
organized to resolve the border dispute,
posted its findings in 2002. However,
both parties have been unable to reach
agreement on implementing the decision.
In November 2006, the international
commission informed Eritrea and Ethiopia
they had one year to demarcate the
border or the border demarcation would
be based on coordinates. |
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Location:
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Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea,
between Djibouti and Sudan
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Geographic coordinates:
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15 00 N, 39 00 E
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Map references:
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Africa
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Area:
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total: 121,320 sq km
land: 121,320 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than Pennsylvania
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Land boundaries:
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total: 1,626 km
border countries: Djibouti 109
km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km
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Coastline:
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2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km,
islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
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Climate:
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hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea
coast; cooler and wetter in the central
highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall
annually, heaviest June to September);
semiarid in western hills and lowlands
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Terrain:
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dominated by extension of Ethiopian
north-south trending highlands,
descending on the east to a coastal
desert plain, on the northwest to hilly
terrain and on the southwest to
flat-to-rolling plains |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: near Kulul within
the Denakil depression -75 m
highest point: Soira 3,018 m
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Natural resources:
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gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt,
possibly oil and natural gas, fish
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Land use:
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arable land: 4.78%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 95.19% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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210 sq km (2003)
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Natural hazards:
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frequent droughts; locust swarms
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Environment - current issues:
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deforestation; desertification; soil
erosion; overgrazing; loss of
infrastructure from civil warfare
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Environment - international
agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of
the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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strategic geopolitical position along
world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea
retained the entire coastline of
Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure
independence from Ethiopia on 24 May
1993 |
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Population:
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4,906,585 (July 2007 est.)
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 43.5% (male
1,073,404/female 1,060,674)
15-64 years: 52.9% (male
1,286,613/female 1,310,294)
65 years and over: 3.6% (male
85,052/female 90,548) (2007 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 17.9 years
male: 17.7 years
female: 18.2 years (2007 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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2.461% (2007 est.)
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Birth rate:
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33.97 births/1,000 population (2007
est.) |
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Death rate:
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9.36 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007
est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.012 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.982 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.939 male(s)/female
total population: 0.993 male(s)/female
(2007 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 45.24 deaths/1,000 live
births
male: 51.05 deaths/1,000 live
births
female: 39.25 deaths/1,000 live
births (2007 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 59.55 years
male: 57.88 years
female: 61.28 years (2007 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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4.96 children born/woman (2007 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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2.7% (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with
HIV/AIDS:
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60,000 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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6,300 (2003 est.) |
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Major infectious diseases:
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degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria is a
high risk in some locations (2007)
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Nationality:
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noun: Eritrean(s)
adjective: Eritrean
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Ethnic groups:
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Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar
4%, Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%,
other 3% |
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Religions:
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Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman
Catholic, Protestant |
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Languages:
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Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama,
Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can
read and write
total population: 58.6%
male: 69.9%
female: 47.6% (2003 est.)
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This page was last updated on 13
December, 2007
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Legend:
Definition
Field
Listing
Rank
Order
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Background:
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Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples,
the island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in
1493 following COLUMBUS' second voyage to the
Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial
rule that saw the indigenous population nearly
exterminated and African slave labor introduced,
Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of
the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were
granted US citizenship in 1917.
Popularly-elected governors have served since
1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted
providing for internal self government. In
plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters
chose not to alter the existing political
status.
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Population:
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3,944,259 (July 2007 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 21% (male 422,635/female
403,887)
15-64 years: 65.9% (male 1,247,314/female
1,352,139)
65 years and over: 13.1% (male
223,508/female 294,776) (2007 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 35.1 years
male: 33.4 years
female: 36.8 years (2007 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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0.393% (2007 est.)
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Birth rate:
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12.79 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
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Death rate:
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7.78 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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-1.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.046 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.922 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.758 male(s)/female
total population: 0.923 male(s)/female
(2007 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 7.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.86 deaths/1,000 live births
(2007 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 78.54 years
male: 74.6 years
female: 82.67 years (2007 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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1.77 children born/woman (2007 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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7,397 (1997) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)
adjective: Puerto Rican |
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Ethnic groups:
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white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%,
Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other
10.9%
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%
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Languages:
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Spanish, English
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and
write
total population: 94.1%
male: 93.9%
female: 94.4% (2002 est.)
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